Fokker F28 Fellowship

Myanma Airways

Following an uneventful flight from Yangon, the crew completed the approach to Sittwe Airport in poor weather conditions. The aircraft landed hard on runway 11, causing the right main gear to collapse. The right wing struck the ground and was partially sheared off. The aircraft went out of control, veered off runway to the left and came to rest against a fence. Three occupants, among them the captain, were slightly injured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. At the time of the accident, the runway threshold and edge lights as well as the VASIS were unserviceable.

Icaro

During the takeoff roll from runway 25 at Quito-Mariscal Sucre Airport, the crew noted a fire alarm connected to the forward cargo compartment. The captain decided to abandon the takeoff procedure and initiated an emergency braking manoeuvre. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, collided with the ILS antenna, went down an embankment then impacted a brick wall and came to rest 300 metres past the runway end. All 66 occupants were rescued, among them eight passengers were injured. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Icaro

Following an uneventful flight from Quito, the crew started the approach to Coca Airport runway 15. Too low on final, the aircraft landed 4,5 metres short of runway. Upon impact, the left main gear was torn off. The aircraft rolled for 112 metres then veered off runway to the left, rolled another 263 metres then came to rest against a concrete wall. All 65 occupants were rescued, among them seven passengers were injured. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Biman Bangladesh Airlines

The flight from Dhaka to Sylhet was delayed for few hours due to poor weather conditions at destination with limited visibility, heavy rain falls, low ceiling and strong winds. Following an uneventful flight, the aircraft landed too far down a wet runway. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, it overran and came to rest in a drainage ditch. 30 passengers were slightly injured while all other occupants escaped unhurt. Both pilots were seriously injured as the cockpit was trapped against an earth wall.

East African Safari Air

After touchdown at Lokichogio Airport, the crew started the braking procedure when the tyre n°1 on the nose gear burst. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran, collided with a fence and came to rest in a ditch with its nose gear torn off. All 27 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Transportes Aéreos Mercantiles Ecuatorianos - TAME

During the takeoff roll on runway 35, at a speed of 125 knots, after a course of 2,110 metres, both tyres on the left main gear burst. The crew rejected the takeoff procedure but the aircraft was unable to stop within the remaining distance (runway 35 is 3,120 metres long). It overran, causing the nose gear to collapse, and came to rest 81 metres further. All 77 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Transportes Aéreos Nacionales de la Selva - TANS

The aircraft departed Lima on a regular schedule flight to Chachapoyas with an intermediate stop in Chiclayo, carrying 41 passengers and five crew members. Following an uneventful flight from Chiclayo, the crew started the descent to Chachapoyas Airport in poor weather conditions. The crew maintained several radio contacts with ATC and all seemed to be 'normal' on board when the aircraft struck the slope of Mt Coloque located 15 km from the airport. Due to poor weather conditions and because the crash site was unaccessible, SAR teams arrived on scene two days later. The wreckage was found at an altitude of 3,300 metres. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 46 occupants were killed. The occupants were respectively 41 Peruvians, two Belgians, one Dutch, one Spanish and one Cuban.

Iran Aseman Airlines

Following an uneventful flight from Tehran, the crew initiated the approach to Ahwaz but encountered poor weather conditions with visibility near minimums. During the last segment, the aircraft landed hard on runway 30, bounced and touched down to the right of the runway. The crew decided to make a go-around and completed a circuit before landing again few minutes later. Following a 'normal' landing, all 88 occupants evacuated safely. The aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair.

Manunggal Air

The aircraft departed Jakarta-Halim Perdanakusuma Airport on a charter flight to Singapore, carrying expatriates who were leaving Indonesia due to political unrest. On approach to Singapore-Seletar Airport, the copilot followed the checklist but failed to arm the lift dumper which affected the antiskid system that could not be used. After landing on a wet runway surface, the crew started the braking procedure but this was insufficient so the captain applied emergency brakes which is not recommended when hydroplaning is suspected. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, lost its left wing and left main gear before coming to rest. All 80 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was written off.

Merpati Nusantara Airlines - MNA

During the takeoff roll at Kendari-Wolter Monginsidi Airport, at Vr speed, the cargo door warning light illuminated on the cockpit panel. The captain decided to abort and initiated an emergency braking procedure. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest 200 metres further. All 64 occupants escaped uninjured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Biman Bangladesh Airlines

On approach to Sylhet Airport, the crew encountered foggy conditions. Due to poor visibility, the crew was unable to establish a visual contact with the approach and runway lights so the decision was taken to initiate a go-around procedure. Few minutes later, a second attempt to land was abandoned for the same reason. The captain insisted and elected to make another approach. On final, the aircraft descended below the MDA and struck the ground 3 km short of runway threshold. On impact, the undercarriage were torn off and the aircraft came to rest in a waterlogged area, broken in two. All 89 occupants were rescued, among them 50 were slightly injured.

Air Niugini

The flight departed Wewak Airport at 1000LT on a flight to Madang. En route, a warning light came on in the cockpit panel, informing the crew about technical problems. The crew experienced difficulties with testing the lift dumper and wheel brake antiskid systems. The pilot decided to divert to Lae-Nadzab which offered a longer runway and fire fighting facilities. After touchdown, the left main gear collapsed. The crew lost control of the airplane that veered off runway to the left and came to rest in a ditch. All 49 occupants evacuated safely and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Air Niugini

Following an uneventful flight from Lae, the crew started the approach to Madang Airport runway 25. The visibility was limited by night and poor weather conditions. In heavy rain falls, the captain realized that all conditions were not met to land and decided to initiate a go-around. Following a short holding pattern, he started the approach to runway 07. The aircraft landed 300 metres past the runway threshold. On a wet runway surface, the aircraft was unable to stop within the remaining distance, overran and came to rest in a ravine. Due to torrential rain, all 39 occupants preferred to stay in the aircraft and were evacuated few dozen minutes later only. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Merpati Nusantara Airlines - MNA

The approach to Semarang-Ahmad Yani Airport was completed by night and poor weather conditions with heavy rain falls and strong winds. The aircraft landed too far down a wet runway and was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran and came to rest in a ravine, broken in three. All 85 occupants were evacuated, among them three passengers were injured.

Iran Aseman Airlines

Thirty-five minutes after takeoff from Isfahan Airport, while cruising by night at the altitude of 18,000 feet, the aircraft entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed 47 seconds later on the slope of a mountain located in the Kharkas Mountain Range, near Natanz. The wreckage was found few hours later in an isolated area, near a telecommunication relay. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 66 occupants were killed.

Air Mauritanie

On approach to Tidjikdja Airport, the crew encountered poor visibility due to a sandstorm. Unable to establish a visual contact with the runway, the captain initiated a go-around procedure. Few minutes later, the crew attempted a second approach while the weather conditions did not improve. At a height of about 25 metres above the airfield, the aircraft nosed down and violently struck the runway surface. Upon impact, the undercarriage were torn off and out of control, the aircraft veered off runway and eventually collided with rocks, bursting into flames. Thirteen passengers were rescued while 80 other occupants were killed.

Merpati Nusantara Airlines - MNA

Following an uneventful flight from Ambon, the crew was cleared to descend to Sorong-Jefman Airport. On final, the pilot encountered poor visibility due to heavy rain falls and failed to realize his altitude was insufficient. On short final, the aircraft struck a promontory located 3,000 feet short of runway 22. Upon impact, the left main gear was torn off and the aircraft crashed in shallow water. Two passengers were rescued while 41 other occupants were killed.

USAir - US Airways

USAir flight 405 was scheduled to depart Jacksonville, FL (JAX) at 16:35 but was given a ground delay because of poor weather in the New-York-LaGuardia (LGA) area and was further delayed in order to remove the baggage of a passenger who chose to deplane. The Fokker F-28 jet departed Jacksonville at 17:15 and was cleared into the LaGuardia area without significant additional delays. The first officer accomplished an ILS approach to LaGuardia's runway 04 to minimums and initiated braking on the landing roll. Ramp congestion delayed taxiing to the parking gate. The airplane was parked at Gate 1 at approximately 19:49, 1 hour and 6 minutes behind schedule. After the airplane was parked at Gate 1, the line mechanic who met the flight was advised by the captain that the aircraft was "good to go." The captain left the cockpit and the first officer prepared for the next leg to Cleveland , OH (CLE) that had originally been scheduled to depart at 19:20. Snow was falling as the F-28 was prepared for departure. The airplane was de-iced with Type I fluid with a 50/50 water/glycol mixture, using two trucks. After the de-icing, about 20:26, one of the trucks experienced mechanical problems and was immobilized behind the airplane, resulting in a pushback delay of about 20 minutes. The captain then requested a second de-icing of the airplane. The airplane was pushed away from the gate to facilitate de-icing by one de-icing truck. The second de-icing was completed at approximately 21:00. At 21:05:37, the first officer contacted the LaGuardia ground controller and requested taxi clearance. The airplane was cleared to taxi to runway 13. At 21:07:12, the flightcrew switched to the LaGuardia ground sequence controller, which they continued to monitor until changing to the tower frequency at 21:25:42. The before-takeoff checklist was completed during the taxi. Engine anti-ice was selected for both engines during taxi. The captain announced that the flaps would remain up during taxi, and he placed an empty coffee cup on the flap handle as a reminder. The captain announced they would use US Air's contaminated runway procedures that included the use of 18 degrees flaps. They would use a reduced V1 speed of 110 knots. The first officer used the ice (wing) inspection light to examine the right wing a couple of times. He did not see any contamination on the wing or on the black strip and therefore did not consider a third de-icing. Flight 405 was cleared into the takeoff and hold position on runway 13 at 21:33:50. The airplane was cleared for takeoff at 21:34:51. The takeoff was initiated and the first officer made a callout of 80 knots, and, at 21:35:25, made a V1 callout. At 21:35:26, the first officer made a VR callout. Approximately 2.2 seconds after the VR callout, the nose landing gear left the ground. Approximately 4.8 seconds later, the sound of stick shaker began. Six stall warnings sounded. The airplane began rolling to the left. As the captain leveled the wings, they headed toward the blackness over the water. The crew used right rudder to maneuver the airplane back toward the ground and avoid the water. They continued to try to hold the nose up to impact in a flat attitude. The airplane came to rest partially inverted at the edge of Flushing Bay, and parts of the fuselage and cockpit were submerged in water. After the airplane came to rest, several small residual fires broke out on the water and on the wreckage debris.

Aerolineas Argentinas

On approach to Villa Gesell Airport, the crew decided to abandon the approach, followed a circuit and eventually decided to land on the opposite runway. After takeoff on the wet runway 10, the aircraft was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran, lost its nose gear and right main gear and came to rest few dozen meters further, bursting into flames. All 90 occupants were quickly evacuated before the aircraft would be completely destroyed by fire.

Air Ivoire

The aircraft was completing a schedule service from Abidjan to Man with intermediate stops in Yamoussoukro and Daloa, carrying 64 passengers and six crew members. After landing at Man Airport, the aircraft was unable to stop within the remaining distance and overran. It lost its undercarriage and came to rest 200 meters further, broken in two. All 70 occupants were rescued, 40 of them were injured, 21 seriously. For unknown reasons, the spoilers were not deployed after touchdown.

Korean Air

During the takeoff roll at Seoul-Gimpo Airport, the left engine lost power and severe vibrations were encountered. The captain decided to abandon the takeoff and initiated an emergency braking procedure. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the aircraft overran, lost its undercarriage, cartwheeled and came to rest, bursting into flames. All 48 occupants were evacuated, among them 21 were injured. The aircraft was totally destroyed.

Líneas Aéreas del Estado - LADE

During the takeoff roll, the crew failed to realize that the aircraft was not properly aligned when the left main gear struck the snow covered shoulder of the runway. The aircraft lost speed and the crew did not abandon the takeoff procedure so liftoff was completed too late. After rotation, the aircraft struck the ILS antenna, crash landed, hit a ditch and came to rest. All 65 occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Air Ontario

Air Ontario Flight 1363, a Fokker F-28 jet, crashed during takeoff from Dryden Municipal Airport, Ontario, Canada. Of the 69 persons on board, 24 suffered fatal injuries. The aircraft in question, registration C-FONF, had suffered from a malfunctioning auxiliary power unit (APU) for the five days preceding the accident. Throughout the week preceding March 10, Air Ontario maintenance attempted, with limited success, to cure the APU problems. On March 9 it was decided to defer the repair of the APU until the aircraft returned to Toronto on the night of March 10. This meant that the aircraft was dispatched with the APU inoperable. On the morning of March 10, C-FONF departed Winnipeg on a round trip flight to Dryden, Thunder Bay and back as flight 1362/3. Since no external power unit was available at Dryden, the engines couldn't be restarted in case of engine shutdown on the ground. The flight to Thunder Bay was uneventful apart from a slight delay due to poor weather at Thunder Bay. As the aircraft was prepared for the return flight, it appeared that the aircraft was overweight as a result of ten additional passengers having transferred to the flight due to an earlier cancellation. The Air Ontario duty manager decided to off-load fuel and to arrange refuelling at Dryden. This caused an additional delay of 35 minutes. The Fokker F-28 departed Thunder Bay at 11:55 hours EST, about one hour behind schedule. The aircraft landed at Dryden at 11:39 hours CST. It began to snow lightly when the aircraft landed. Between 11:40 and 12:01, Air Ontario 1363 was refuelled with the right engine operating and with the passengers remaining on board the aircraft. This so called 'hot refuelling' procedure was followed because the APU was unserviceable. Eight passengers deplaned in Dryden and seven passengers boarded the aircraft. Meanwhile, snow was accumulating on the wings, forming a layer of 1/8-1/4 inch. No de-icing was done because de-icing with either engine running was prohibited by both Fokker and Air Ontario. The aircraft then taxied to runway 29 for departure, but was instructed to hold as there was a Cessna 150 on approach. The snow was continuing to fall heavily, becoming increasingly thick on the wings. At 12:09 the aircraft started it's takeoff roll on the slush-covered runway 29. There was an accumulation of at least one-half inch of wet, layered snow on the wings of the F-28 as it began its takeoff roll. After a longer than normal takeoff roll, the aircraft was rotated near taxiway Alpha, at approximately the 3500 foot mark. The aircraft lifted off slightly, began to shudder, and then settled back down onto the runway. The takeoff roll then continued and the aircraft was rotated a second time, finally lifting off at approximately the 5700 mark of the 6000 foot runway. It flew over the end of the runway approximately 15 feet above the ground. It thereafter failed to gain altitude and mushed through the air in a nose-high attitude, before commencing to strike trees. The aircraft crashed and came to rest in a wooded area, 3156 feet past the runway end and caught fire.

AeroPeru

After takeoff from Juliaca-Inca Manco Capac Airport runway 29, the aircraft encountered difficulties to gain height. It passed over the runway end at low height when the crew raised the landing gear, retracted the flaps and retarded power. The aircraft failed to gain altitude and flew low for about 1,800 meters when it struck obstacles and crashed in a river bed about 2,5 km from the runway end. 12 occupants were killed while 57 others were injured. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact.

SATENA - Servicio de Aeronavegacion a Territorios Nacionales

En route from San Vicente del Caguán to Florencia, the last leg of the trip, the crew was informed that the Florencia-Gustavo Artunduaga Paredes Airport was closed to traffic due to insufficient visibility caused by dense fog. Nevertheless, the crew attempted an approach and initiated a descent. The last radio contact was recorded 10 minutes prior to the accident when the aircraft was at an altitude of 3,600 feet. On final, the aircraft struck the slope of a mountain shrouded in clouds and located 15 km from the airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed upon impact and all 46 occupants were killed.

Nigeria Airways

On final approach to Enugu Airport, the visibility was below minimums due to thick fog. The crew decided to continue the approach and descended below the MDA and below the glide until the airplane struck the ground in a relative flat attitude. Upon impact, the undercarriage were torn off and the aircraft slid on its belly for few dozen meters before coming to rest in flames about 3,3 km short of runway threshold. 53 people were killed while 19 others were seriously injured. The aircraft was destroyed.

Garuda Indonesian Airways

At liftoff from Bandar Lampung-Branti Airport runway 14, the captain realized that one of the engine failed. He abandoned the takeoff procedure and landed back onto runway. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran, struck a concrete wall and crashed on a small hill located 138 meters past the runway end. Both pilot and a passenger were killed while 12 occupants were injured and 46 others escaped uninjured. The aircraft was destroyed.

Garuda Indonesian Airways

Following an uneventful flight from Jakarta-Kemayoran Airport, the crew initiated the approach to Bandar Lampung-Branti Airport. After landing on a wet runway, the airplane encountered difficulties and was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran, lost its undercarriage and slid for about 750 meters before coming to rest in flames. The aircraft was destroyed and all 27 occupants were killed.

NLM - Nederlandse Luchtvaart Maatschappij

During the preflight briefing, about 44 minutes prior to takeoff, the crew was informed about the presence of a low pressure area south of Rotterdam with thunderstorm activity and turbulences. At 1704LT, the airplane took off from Rotterdam Airport and climbed to the south according to departure routes. At 1709LT, the crew noticed heavy rainfall and thunderstorms on the weather radar and was cleared to change heading to avoid this area. Three minutes later, the airplane entered a zone of heavy altitude downdrafts and updrafts with severe turbulences, which resulted in loads on the airframe increasing to +6.8 G and -3,2 G. These excessive G loads compromised the structural integrity of the aircraft and especially the right wing from which a large portion separated. From an altitude of 3,000 feet, the airplane entered a dive and disintegrated while crashing on a highway crossing near Moerdijk. All 17 occupants were killed.

Ghana Airways

The crew was completing a local training at Accra-Kotoka Airport. For unknown reasons, the airplane landed hard and upon touchdown, the undercarriage were torn off. The airplane then slid on its belly before coming to rest on runway. While both pilots were uninjured, the F28 was damaged beyond repair.

Garuda Indonesian Airways

The Fellowship christened 'Mamberamo' departed Palembang Airport at 1732LT on a schedule flight to Medan. After the crew was cleared for an NDB approach to runway 05 at Polonia Airport, he started the descent in a limited visibility. While descending at an altitude of 5,560 feet by night, the airplane struck the slope of Mt Sibayak (2,194 meters high) located about 38 km southwest of Medan-Polonia Airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed upon impact and all 61 occupants were killed.

Garuda Indonesian Airways

The airplane departed Denpasar-Ngurah Rai Airport at 1829LT on a positioning flight to Surabaya, carrying a crew of four. Following a level off at FL165, the crew was cleared to start the descent to Surabaya-Juanda Airport and passed successively FL100 and FL60 when the airplane struck the slope of Mt Bromo (1,890 meters high) located about 33 km southwest of Probolinggo. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all four crew members were killed.

Nigeria Airways

While descending to Kano-Mallam Aminu Kano Airport, the crew was instructed to maintain FL65 as a Nigerian Air Force MiG-21 was performing touch-and-go maneuvers at the same airport. After the jet trainer completed its touch-and-go and was taking off, its crew was informed about the approach of the F28 which should land first on runway 05. On short final, both aircraft collided and crashed in flames about 2 km short of runway threshold. Both aircraft were destroyed and all 18 occupants were killed. The exact circumstances and causes of the in-flight collision are unclear.

Aerolineas Argentinas

Following an uneventful flight from Buenos Aires, the crew initiated the descent to Concordia-Comodoro Pierrestegui Airport in good weather conditions and under VFR mode, the pilot-in-command failed to realize his altitude was too low when the left wing struck a tree located 4 km short of runway 21. The aircraft stalled, struck the ground, lost its undercarriage and slid for several dozen meters before coming to rest. All 60 occupants were evacuated, among them 10 were injured.

Garuda Indonesian Airways

While descending to Palembang-Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport, the crew encountered foggy conditions that reduced the visibility to 50 meters. On final approach, the airplane descended too low when it struck coconut trees and crashed about 4 km short of runway 28. All four crew members and 21 passengers were killed as well as one people on the ground. All 36 other occupants were injured. The aircraft was destroyed.

Aerolinee Itavia

During the takeoff roll at Bergamo-Orio al Serio Airport, the captain started the rotation when he noticed a sudden loss of power on both engines. Decision to abandon the takeoff was taken and the captain initiated an emergency braking procedure. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran, struck several approach lights, lost its nose gear and came to rest 200 meters further. All 31 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Turkish Airlines - THY Türk Hava Yollari

By night, the crew was approaching runway 06 at Istanbul-Yesilköy Airport when all runway lights failed due to an electrical power failure. The crew initiated a go-around manoeuvre when 22 seconds later, the power was reset. The crew contacted ATC to obtain a landing clearance but as a Pan Am Boeing 707 was taking off from the same runway, ATC instructed the crew to extend a downwind circuit to the west. Few minutes later, while cruising under VFR mode at an altitude of 800 feet, the airplane went out of control and crashed into the Marmara Sea about 30 km west of the Airport. The aircraft was destroyed and all 42 occupants were killed.

Turkish Airlines - THY Türk Hava Yollari

Shortly after closing the doors and receiving tower permission the aircraft was taxied to the threshold of Runway 35 and began a rolling takeoff without delay. According to witnesses the aircraft had run approximately 3,200 feet before becoming airborne. When about 8 to 10 meters above the ground it yawed to the left and pitched nose-down. Contact with the ground was made in a nearly level attitude, first by the outboard fairing doors of the left wing flap, then by the left side of the fuselage belly, hitting the bank of a drainage ditch, which parallels the left (west) side of the runway at a distance of 28 meters from the runway. The aircraft then disintegrated and caught fire within 100 meters of travel. A crew member and six passengers survived while 66 other occupants were killed.

Aerolinee Itavia

The approach to Torino-Caselle Airport was initiated in marginal weather with limited visibility due to foggy conditions and snow falls. On final, the flight crew failed to realize his altitude was insufficient when the airplane struck successively a tree and a building under construction before crashing in flames. The aircraft came to rest upside down about 3,7 km short of runway 36 threshold. A crew member and three passengers were rescued while 38 other occupants were killed. At the time of the accident, the RVR for runway 36 was 900 meters.

Iberia - Lineas Aéreas de Espana

The crew was completing a local training flight at Bilbao-Sondica Airport. Following several touch and goes, the crew started a new approach when he was faced with a flaps asymmetry warning. The captain decided to continue the approach and to perform a flapless landing. In heavy rain falls and with a tailwind component, the airplane landed long on a wet runway. After touchdown, it was unable to stop within the remaining distance and overran. While contacting soft ground, the nose gear and the right main gear collapsed then the aircraft came to rest, broken in three. All four crew members escaped uninjured while the aircraft was destroyed.

Braathens SAFE - South America %26 Far East

Following an uneventful flight from Ålesund, the crew started a night approach to runway 06 at Oslo-Fornebu Airport. During the descent in limited visibility due to the night and fog, the captain and the approach controller exchanged several messages of sympathy for Christmas. 13 seconds after passing 3,500 feet, the airplane descended 1,510 feet below the MDA. In a gear and flaps down configuration, the airplane struck tree tops and crashed in flames in a dense wooded area located about 16 km west of the airport. The aircraft was totally destroyed and only five passengers survived the crash while 40 other occupants were killed, among them all three crew members.

Nigeria Airways

After touchdown at Port Harcourt Airport, the airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance. It overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest few dozen meters further. There were no casualties but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.