Croydon – Amsterdam – Berlin
Flight / Schedule
Croydon – Amsterdam – Berlin
Aircraft
Douglas DC-2Registration
PH-AKL
MSN
1358
Year of Manufacture
1935
Date
December 9, 1936 at 10:30 AM
Type
CRASHFlight Type
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Flight Phase
Takeoff (climb)
Crash Site
City
Crash Location
Croydon Surrey
Region
Europe • United Kingdom
Coordinates
51.3734°, -0.1020°
Crash Cause
Human factor
Narrative Report
On December 9, 1936 at 10:30 AM, Croydon – Amsterdam – Berlin experienced a crash involving Douglas DC-2, operated by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines - Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij, with the event recorded near Croydon Surrey.
The flight was categorized as scheduled revenue flight and the reported phase was takeoff (climb) at a city crash site.
17 people were known to be on board, 15 fatalities were recorded, 2 survivors were identified or estimated. This corresponds to an estimated fatality rate of 88.2%.
Crew on board: 4, crew fatalities: 3, passengers on board: 13, passenger fatalities: 12, other fatalities: 0.
The listed crash cause is human factor. The airport of Croydon was shrouded in fog with visibility fluctuating at around 50 meters and all aircraft were operating under so-called "QBI" (a Q code denoting that all operations have to be performed under instrument flight rules) conditions. Crews were following a white line laid out approximately East-West on the grass surface of Croydon's landing area during their take-off runs (a normal procedure at several airports in the United Kingdom at the time, that had been in use at Croydon since 1931). A number of departures by this method had already been made that day by the time the KLM DC-2 took off, including a Swissair DC-2 about 25 minutes beforehand. The KLM DC-2 christened 'Lijster' started its takeoff run along the white line but after about 200 yards (183 m), it veered off the line to the left and on becoming airborne headed south towards rising ground instead of in the normal westerly direction. After flying over the southern boundary of the airport, the aircraft hit the chimney of a house on Hillcrest Road, Purley, then crashed into an empty house on the opposite side of the street. The aircraft, the house and an adjoining house (also empty at the time) were destroyed in the crash and ensuing fire. One passenger and the stewardess survived while all 15 other occupants were killed, among them Admiral Salomon Arvid Achates Lindmann, former Prime Minister of Sweden, and Juan de la Cierva y Cordoniu, the inventor of the Autogyro in 1923 and the vertical takeoff in 1934. At this time, this accident was considered as the worst air crash in the UK in terms of the number of fatalities. Crew: Ludwig Hautzmayer, pilot, Pieter Cornelis van Bemmel Valentijn, radio operator, Jaap Verkerk, flight engineer, Hilde Bongertman, stewardess.
Aircraft reference details include registration PH-AKL, MSN 1358, year of manufacture 1935.
Geospatial coordinates for this crash are approximately 51.3734°, -0.1020°.
Fatalities
Total
15
Crew
3
Passengers
12
Other
0
Crash Summary
The airport of Croydon was shrouded in fog with visibility fluctuating at around 50 meters and all aircraft were operating under so-called "QBI" (a Q code denoting that all operations have to be performed under instrument flight rules) conditions. Crews were following a white line laid out approximately East-West on the grass surface of Croydon's landing area during their take-off runs (a normal procedure at several airports in the United Kingdom at the time, that had been in use at Croydon since 1931). A number of departures by this method had already been made that day by the time the KLM DC-2 took off, including a Swissair DC-2 about 25 minutes beforehand. The KLM DC-2 christened 'Lijster' started its takeoff run along the white line but after about 200 yards (183 m), it veered off the line to the left and on becoming airborne headed south towards rising ground instead of in the normal westerly direction. After flying over the southern boundary of the airport, the aircraft hit the chimney of a house on Hillcrest Road, Purley, then crashed into an empty house on the opposite side of the street. The aircraft, the house and an adjoining house (also empty at the time) were destroyed in the crash and ensuing fire. One passenger and the stewardess survived while all 15 other occupants were killed, among them Admiral Salomon Arvid Achates Lindmann, former Prime Minister of Sweden, and Juan de la Cierva y Cordoniu, the inventor of the Autogyro in 1923 and the vertical takeoff in 1934. At this time, this accident was considered as the worst air crash in the UK in terms of the number of fatalities. Crew: Ludwig Hautzmayer, pilot, Pieter Cornelis van Bemmel Valentijn, radio operator, Jaap Verkerk, flight engineer, Hilde Bongertman, stewardess.
Cause: Human factor
Occupants & Outcome
Crew On Board
4
Passengers On Board
13
Estimated Survivors
2
Fatality Rate
88.2%
Known people on board: 17
Operational Details
Schedule / Flight
Croydon – Amsterdam – Berlin
Flight Type
Scheduled Revenue Flight
Flight Phase
Takeoff (climb)
Crash Site
City
Region / Country
Europe • United Kingdom
Aircraft Details
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